Research Collaborators

The studies at the MRC are aimed at obtaining a greater understanding of the epidemiology, population genetics, clinical features and pathophysiology of malaria parasites in this region. One of our major discoveries was of a large focus in Sarawak of human infections with Plasmodium knowlesi, a parasite normally found in long-tailed and pig-tailed macaques. Subsequent reports of human knowlesi malaria in other parts of Malaysia and many countries in Southeast Asia have resulted in P. knowlesi being recognised as the fifth species of Plasmodium causing human malaria. We have recently characterised P. knowlesi malaria clinically and compared parasite diversity in the human and non-human hosts. Current studies are aimed at identifying parasite and host determinants that contribute to the differential susceptibility of humans to P. knowlesi infection. We are also characterising malaria parasites in orangutans and small mammals, and studying the interactions between P. falciparum and traditional medicinal plants used in endemic areas of Malaysian Borneo.
 
The MRC comprises senior scientists, postgraduates, and research assistants from the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and the Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, UNIMAS. We are working and have worked in close collaboration with colleagues from within and outside Malaysia. These include scientists from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, St George’s University of London, the University of Western Australia, Karolinska Institute in Sweden, the University of Alberta in Canada, the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine in the Philippines, Bogor Agricultural University and Syiah Kuala University in Indonesia, the Biomedical Primate Research Centre in the Netherlands, the Environmental Health Institute Singapore, the Sarawak Health Department, the Sabah Health Department, the Pahang Health Department, the Sabah Wildlife Department and the Institute of Medical Research, Malaysia.

Chapter in book

2021
  1. Divis, P.C.S., Singh, B. & Conway, D.J. (2021). Molecular epidemiology and population genomics of Plasmodium knowlesi. In. C. Drakeley (Ed.), Advances in Parasitology, (Vol 113. pp. 191-223): Academic Press

Publications in international peer-reviewed journals

2021
  1. Sugiarto, S.R., Singh B., Page-Sharp M., Davis W.A., Salman S., Hii K.C. and Davis T.M.E. The pharmacokinetic properties of artemether and lumefantrine in Malaysian patients with Plasmodium knowlesi malaria. (2021) British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.  DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15001. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34296469. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.15001
  2. Hu T.H., Rosli N., Mohamad D.S.A., Kadir K.A., Ching Z.H., Chai Y.H., Ideris N.N., Ting L.S.C., Dihom A.A., Kong S.L., Wong E.K.Y., Sia J.E.H., Ti T., Chai I.P.F., Tang W.Y., Hii K.C., Divis P.C.S., Davis T.M.E., Daneshvar C. and Singh B. (2021). A comparison of the clinical, laboratory and epidemiological features of two divergent subpopulations of Plasmodium knowlesi.Scientific Reports 11, 20117 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99644-8. 
  3. Yap, N.J., Hossain, H., Nada-Raja, T., Ngui, R., Muslim, A., Hoh, B.P., Khaw, L.T., Kadir, K.A., Divis, P.C.S., Vythilingam, I., Singh, B. & Lim, Y.A.L. (2021) Natural human infections with Plasmodium cynomolgi, P. inui and 4 other simian malaria parasites, Malaysia. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 27(8): 2187-2199. DOI: 10.3201/eid2708.204502. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/bcp.15001
  4. Ang, J.X.D., Yaman, K., Kadir, K.A., Matusop, A. & Singh, B. New vectors that are early feeders for Plasmodium knowlesi and other simian malaria parasites in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Sci Rep 11, 7739 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86107-3.
  5. Munajat, M.B., Rahim, M.A.F.A., Wahid, W., Rakna, M.I.M.S., Divis, P.C.S., Chuangchaiya, S., Lubis, I.N.D., Osman, E., Kasri, M.R.M. & Idris, Z.M. Perceptions and prevention practices on malaria among the indigenous Orang Asli community in Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia. Malar J 20, 202 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03741-y.
2020
  1. Raja, T.N., Hu, T.H., Kadir, K.A., Mohamad, D.S.A. Divis, P.C.S. Wong, L.L., Hii, K-C & Singh, B. (2020) Naturally acquired human Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium knowlesi infections, Malaysian Borneo. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26: 1801-1809. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2608.200343
  2. Hocking, S.E., Divis, P.C.S, Kadir, K.A., Singh, B. & Conway, D.J. (2020) Population genomic structure and recent evolution of Plasmodium knowlesi, Peninsular Malaysia. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26: 1749-1758. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2608.190864
  3. Divis, P.C.S, Hu, T.H., Kadir, K.A., Mohammad, D.S.A., Hii, K.C., Daneshvar, C., Conway, D.J. & Singh, B. (2020) Efficient surveillance of Plasmodium knowlesi genetic subpopulations, Malaysian Borneo, 2000–2018. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26: 1392-1398. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2607.190924
  4. Muller-Sienerth, N., Shilts, J. Kadir, K.A., Yman, V., Homann, M.V., Asghar, M., Ngasala, B., Singh, B., Farnert, A. & Wright, G.J. (2020) A panel of recombinant proteins from human-infective Plasmodium species for serological surveillance. Malaria Journal, 19; 31. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-3111-5
  5. Ang, J.X.D., Kadir, K.A., Mohamad, D.S.A., Matusop, A., Divis, P.C.S., Yaman, K. & Singh, B. (2020). New vectors in northern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, for the zoonotic malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi. Parasites & Vectors, 13:472. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04345-2
  6. Fungfuang, W., Udom, C., Tongthainan, D., Kadir, K.A. & Singh, B. (2020) Malaria parasites in macaques in Thailand: stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides) are new natural hosts for Plasmodium knowlesi, Plasmodium inui, Plasmodium coatneyi and Plasmodium fieldi. Malaria Journal, 19:350. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03424-0
2019
  1. Gamalo, L.F., Dimalibot, J., Kadir, K.A., Singh, B. & Paller, V.G (2019) Plasmodium knowlesi and other malaria parasites in long-tailed macaques from the Philippines. Malaria Journal, 18: 147. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2780-4
  2. Feachem, R.G.A., Chen, I., Akbari, O., Bertozzi-Villa, A., Bhatt, S., Binka, F., Boni, M.F., Buckee, C., Dieleman, J., Dondorp, A., Eapen, A., Feachem N.S., Filler, S., Gething, P., Gosling, R., Haakenstad, A., Harvard, K., Hatefi, A., Jamison, D., Jones, K.E., Karema, C., Kamwi, R.N., Lal, A., Larson, E., Lees, M., Lobo, N.F., Micah, A.E., Moonen, B., Newby, G., Ning, X., Pate, M., Quiñones, M., Roh, M., Rolfe, B., Shanks, D., Singh, B., Staley, K., Tulloch, J., Wegbreit, J., Woo, H.J. & Mpanju-Shumbusho, W. (2019) Malaria eradication withing a generation: ambitious, achievable, and necessary. The Lancet, 394 (10203), 1056-1112. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31139-0
2018
  1. Raja, T. N., Lee, K. S., Zainudin, R., Perkins, S., & Singh, B. (2018) Malaria parasites of long-tailed macaques in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo: a novel species and demographic and evolutionary histories. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 18:49. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1170-9
  2. Divis, P.C.S., Duffy, C.W., Kadir, K.A., Singh, B. & Conway, D.J. (2018) Genome-wide mosaicism in divergence between zoonotic malaria parasite subpopulations with separate sympatric transmission cycles. Molecular Ecology, 27:860-870. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14477
  3. Chang, C.Y., Pui, W.C., Kadir, K.A. & Singh, B. (2018) Spontaneous splenic rupture in , Plasmodium knowlesi malaria. Malaria Journal17: 448. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-018-2600-2
2017
  1. Siner, A., Tze, L.S., Kadir, K.A., Mohamad, D.S.A., Thomas, F.K., Narihan, M.Z. A. & Singh, B. (2017) Absence of Plasmodium inui and Plasmodium cynomolgi, but detection of Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium vivax infections in asymptomatic humans in the Betong division of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Malaria Journal. 16: 417. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-2064-9
  2. Divis, P.C.S., Lin, L., Rovie-Ryan, J.J., Kadir, K.A., Anderios, F., Hisam, S., Sharma, R.S.K., Singh, B. & Conway, D.J. (2017) Three major divergent subpopulations of the malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 23(4):616-624. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2304.161738
  3. Zhang, X., Meng, Y., Houghton, P., Liu, M., Kanthaswamy, S., Oldt, R., Ng, J., Trask, J.S., Huang, R., Singh, B., Du, H. & Smith, D.G. (2017) Ancestry, Plasmodium cynomolgi prevalence and rhesus macaque admixture in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) bred for export in Chinese breeding farms. Journal of Medical Primatology. 46(2): 31-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmp.12256
2016
  1. Zhang, X., Kadir, K.A., Quintanilla-Zariñan, L.F., Villano, J., Houghton, P., Du, H., Singh, B. & Smith, D.S. (2016) Distribution and prevalence of malaria parasites among long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in regional populations across Southeast Asia. Malaria Journal, 15:450. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-016-1494-0
  2. Shearer, F.M., Huang, Z., Weiss, D.J., Wiebe, A., Gibson, H.S., Battle, K.E., Pigott, D.M., Brady, O.J., Putaporntip, C., Jongwutiwes, S., Lau, Y.L., Manske, M., Amato, R., Elyazar, I.R.F., Vythilingam, I., Bhatt, S., Gething, P.W., Singh, B., Golding, N., Hay, S.I. & Moyes, C.L. (2016) Estimating geographical variation in the risk of zoonotic Plasmodium knowlesi infection in countries eliminating malaria. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases , 10(8): e0004915. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004915.s002
  3. Sutton, P.L., Luo, Z, Divis, P.C.S., Friedrich, V.K., Barnwell, J., Conway, D.J., Singh, B., Sullivan, S.A. & Carlton, J.M. (2016) Characterizing the genetic diversity of the monkey malaria parasite Plasmodium cynomolgi . Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 40: 243-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2016.03.009
2015
  1. Assefa, S., Lim, C., Preston, M.D., Duffy, C.W., Nair, M.B., Adroub, S.A., Kadir, K.A., Goldberg, J.M., Neafsey, D.E., Divis, P.C.S., Clark, T.G., Duraisingh, M.T., Conway, D.J., Pain, A. & Singh, B. (2015) Population genomic structure and adaptation in the zoonotic malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 112 (42): 13027-13032. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509534112
  2. Divis, P.C.S., Singh, B., Anderios, F., Hasim, S., Assefa, S., Duffy, C.W. & Conway, D.J. (2015) Admixture in humans of two divergent Plasmodium knowlesi populations associated with different macaque host species. PLoS Pathogens,11(5): e1004888. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004888
  3. Faber, B.W., Abdul Kadir, K., Rodriguez-Garcia, R., Remarque, E.J., Saul, F.A., Normand, B.V-L., Bentley, G., Kocken, C.H.M. & Singh, B. (2015) Low levels of polymorphisms and no evidence for diversifying selection on the Plasmodium knowlesi Apical Membrane Antigen 1 Gene. PLoS ONE, 10(4):e0124400. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124400
  4. Normand, B.V-L, Faber, B.W., Saul, F.A., Eijk, M., Thomas, A.W., Singh, B., Kocken, C.H.M. & Bentley, G.A. (2015) Crystal structure of Plasmodium knowlesi Apical Membrane Antigen 1 and its complex with an invasion-inhibitory monoclonal antibody. PLoS ONE, 10(4):e0123567. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123567
2014
  1. Ahmed, M.A., Pinheiro, M.M., Divis, P.C., Siner, A., Zainudin, R., Wong, I.T., Lu, C.W., Singh-Khaira, S.K., Millar, S.B., Lynch, S., Willmann, M., Singh, B., Krishna, S. & Cox-Singh, J. (2014) Disease progression in Plasmodium knowlesi malaria is linked to variation in invasion gene families. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 8(8): e3086. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003086
  2. Moyes, C.L., Henry, A.J., Golding, N., Huang, Z., Singh, B., Baird, K.J., Newton, Huffman, M., Duda, K.A., Drakeley, C.J., Elyazar, I.R.F., Anstey, N.M., Chen, Q., Zommers, Z., Bhatt, S., Gething, P.W. & Hay, S.I. (2014) Defining the geographical range of the Plasmodium knowlesi reservoir. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 8(3): e2780. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002780
  3. Foster, D., Cox-Singh, J., Mohamad, S.A.D., Krishna, S., Chin, P.P. & Singh, B. (2014) Evaluation of three rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of human infections with Plasmodium knowlesi. Malaria Journal, 13, 60. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-13-60
2013
  1. Fatih, F.A., Staines, H.M., Siner, A., Ahmed, M.A., Woon, L.C., Pasini, E.M., Kocken, C.H.M., Singh, B., Cox-Singh, J. & Krishna, S. (2013) Susceptibility of human Plasmodium knowlesi infections to anti-malarials. Malaria Journal, 12, 425. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-12-425
  2. Singh, B. & Daneshvar, C. (2013) Human infections and detection of Plasmodium knowlesi. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 26, 165-184. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00079-12
2012
  1. Willmann, M., Ahmed, A., Siner, A., Tien, W.I., Woon, L.C., Singh, B., Krishna, S. & Cox-Singh, J. (2012) Laboratory markers of disease severity in Plasmodium knowlesi infection: a case control study. Malaria Journal, 11:363. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-11-363
  2. Fatih, F.A., Siner, A., Ahmed, A., Woon, L.C., Craig, A., Singh, B., Krishna, S. & Cox-Singh, J. (2012) Cytoadherence and virulence – the case of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria. Malaria Journal, 11, 33. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-11-33
  3. Sermwittayawong, N., Singh, B., Nishibuchi, M., Swangjaroen, N. & Vuddhakul, V. (2012) Human Plasmodium knowlesi infection in Ranong province, south-western border of Thailand. Malaria Journal, 11, 36. https://doi.org/ 10.1186/1475-2875-11-36
2011
  1. Khim, N, Siv, S., Kim, S., Mueller, T., Fleischmann, E., Singh, B., Divis, P.C.S., Steenkeste, N., Duval, L., Bouchier, C., Duong, S., Ariey, F., Didier Ménard, D. (2011) Plasmodium knowlesi infection in humans, Cambodia, 2007-2010. Emerging Infectious Diseases 17(10). 1900-1902. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1710.110355
  2. Cox-Singh, J., Singh, B., Daneshvar, C., Planche, T., Parker-Williams, J. & Krishna, S. (2011) Anti-inflammatory cytokines predominate in acute human Plasmodium knowlesi infections. PLoS ONE, 6(6): e20541. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020541
  3. Lee, K-S., Divis, P.C.S., Zakaria, S.K., Matusop, A., Julin, R.A., Cox-Singh, J., Conway, D.J. & Singh, B. (2011)Plasmodium knowlesi: Reservoir hosts and tracking the emergence in macaques and humans. PLoS Pathogens, 7(4): e1002015. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002015
  4. Wong, P.S.J., Tan, C.H., Lee, V., Li, M.Z.I., Lee, K.S., Lee, P.J., Singh, B. & Ng, L.C. (2011) Molecular epidemiological investigation of Plasmodium knowlesi in humans and macaques in Singapore. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 11, 131-135. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2010.0024
2010
  1. Divis, P.C.S., Shokoples, S.E., Singh, B. & Yanow, S.K. (2010) A TaqMan real-time PCR assay for the detection and quantitation of Plasmodium knowlesi. Malaria Journal, 9, 344. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-9-344
  2. Singh, B. & Daneshvar, C. (2010) Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in Malaysia. Medical Journal of Malaysia, 65, 224-230.
  3. Daneshvar, C., Davis, T.M.E, Cox-Singh, J., Rafa'ee, M.Z., Zakaria, S.K., Divis, P.C.S. & Singh, B. (2010) Clinical and parasitological response to oral chloroquine and primaquine in uncomplicated human Plasmodium knowlesiinfections. Malaria Journal, 9, 238. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-9-238
  4. Cox-Singh, J., Singh, B. & Krishna, S. (2010) Plasmodium knowlesi: the fifth human malaria. In: Emerging Infections 9, Ed.: W.M. Sheld, M.L. Grayson & J.M. Hughes, ASM Press, Washington DC, USA; pp. 261-271. https://doi.org/10.1086/524889
  5. Cox-Singh, J., Hiu, J., Lucas, S.B., Divis, P.C., Zulkarnean, M., Chandran, P., Wong, K.T., Adem, P., Zaki, S.R., Singh, B. & Krishna, S. (2010) Severe malaria - a case of fatal Plasmodium knowlesi infection with post-mortem findings.Malaria Journal, 9, 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-9-10
  6. Ahouidi, A.D., Bei, A.K., Neafsey, D.E., Sarr, O., Volkman, S., Milner, D., Cox-Singh, J., Ferreira, M.U., Ndir, O., Premji, Z., Mboup, S., Duraisingh, M.T. (2010) Population genetic analysis of large sequence polymorphisms in Plasmodium knowlesi blood-stage antigens. Infection, Genetics & Evolution, 10, 200-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2009.11.008
2009
  1. Daneshvar, C., Davis, T.M.E., Cox-Singh, J., Rafa'ee, M.Z., Zakaria, S.K., Divis, P.C.S. & Singh, B. (2009) Clinical and laboratory features of human Plasmodium knowlesii infections. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 49, 852-8. https://doi.org/10.1086/605439
  2. Singh, B. & Divis, P.C.S. (2009) Orangutans not infected with Plasmodium vivax or P. cynomolgi, Indonesia. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 15, 1657-1658. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1510.090364
  3. Lee, K-S., Cox-singh, J., Brooke, G., Matusop, A. & Singh, B. (2009) Plasmodium knowlesi from archival blood films: further evidence that human infections are widely distributed and not newly emergent in Malaysian Borneo.International Journal for Parasitology, 39, 1125-1128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.03.003
  4. Myers, W.P., Myers, A.P., Cox-Singh, J., Lau, H.C., Mokui, B. & Malley, R. (2009) Micro-geographic risk factors for malaria infection, Malaria Journal, 8, 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-8-27
  5. Lee, K-S., Cox-Singh, J. & Singh, B. (2009) Morphological features and differential counts of Plasmodium knowlesiparasites in naturally acquired human infections. Malaria Journal, 8, 73. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-8-73
2008
  1. Cox-Singh, J., Davis, T.M.E., Lee, K.S., Shamsul S.S.G., Matusop, A., Ratnam, S., Rahman, H.A., Conway, D.J. & Singh, B. (2008) Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in humans is widely distributed and potentially life threatening. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 46, 165-171. https://doi.org/10.1086/524888
  2. Cox-Singh, J & Singh, B. (2008) Knowlesi malaria: newly emergent and of public health importance? Trends in Parasitology, 24, 406-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2008.06.001
  3. Tan, C.H., Vythilingam, V., Chan, S.T., Matusop, M. & Singh, B. (2008) Bionomics of Anopheles latens in Kapit, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo in relation to the transmission of zoonotic simian malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi. Malaria Journal, 7, 52. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-7-52
  4. Luchavez, J., Espino, F.E., Curameng, P., Espina, R., Bell, D., Chiodini, P.L., Nolder, D., Sutherland, C.J., Lee, K-S. & Singh, B. (2008) Human infections with Plasmodium knowlesi, the Philippines. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 14, 811-813. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1405.071407
2006
  1. Vythilingam, I., Tan, C.H., Asmad M., Chan, S.T., Lee K.S. & Singh B. (2006) Natural transmission of Plasmodium knowlesi to humans by Anopheles latens in Sarawak, Malaysia. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 100, 1087-1088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.02.006
2005
  1. Anthony, T.G., Conway, D.J., Cox-Singh, J., Shamsul, S.S.G., Matusop, A., Ratnam, S. & Singh, B. (2005) Fragmented population structure of Plasmodium falciparum in a region of declining endemicity. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 191, 1558-1564. https://doi.org/10.1086/429338 
2004
  1. Singh, B., Lee, K.S., Matusop, A., Radhakrishnan, A., Shamsul, S.S.G., Cox-Singh, J., Thomas, A.W. & Conway, D. (2004) A large focus of naturally acquired Plasmodium knowlesi infections in human beings. The Lancet, 363, 1017-1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15836-4
2003
  1. Cox-Singh, J., Lu, H.Y., Davis, T.M.E., Ilett, K.F., Hackett, L.P., Matusop, A. & Singh, B. (2003) Application of a multi-faceted approach for the assessment of treatment response in falciparum malaria: a study from Malaysian Borneo. International Journal for Parasitology, 33, 1545-1552.
2002
  1. Wolfe, N.D., Karesh, W.B., Kilbourn, A.M., Cox-Singh, J., Bosi, E.J., Rahman, H.A., Singh, B., Andau, M. & Spielman, A. (2002) The impact of ecological changes on the prevalence of malaria among orangutans. Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. 2, 97-103. https://doi.org/10.1089/153036602321131896
2001
  1. Conway, D.J., Machado, R., Singh, B., Dessert, P., Mikes, Z. S., Povoa, M., Oduola, A.M.J. & Roper, C. (2001) Extreme geographical fixation of variation in the Plasmodium falciparum gamete surface protein gene Pfs48/45 compared with microsatellite loci. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology. 115, 145-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-6851(01)00278-x
  2. Davis, T.M.E., Singh, B. & Sheridan, G. (2001) A case of parasitic procrastination: Late-presenting ovale malaria and schistosomiasis. Medical Journal of Australia. 175, 146-148. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2001.tb143063.x
  3. Menon, B.S., Abdullah, M.S., Mahamud, F., Morgan, U.M., Malik, A.S., Choo, K.E. & Singh, B. (2001) Low prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum in hospitalised children in Kota Bharu, Malaysia. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. 32, 319-322.
  4. Singh, B. & Cox-Singh, J. (2001) Parasites that cause problems in Malaysia: soil-transmitted helminths and malaria parasites. Trends in Parasitology. 17, 597-600. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1471-4922(01)02148-1
2000
  1. Ravichandran, M., Doolan, D.L., Cox-Singh, J., Hoffman, S.L. & Singh, B. (2000) HLA degenerate T-cell epitopes from Plasmodium falciparum liver stage-specific antigen-1 (LSA-1) are highly conserved in isolates from geographically distinct areas. Parasite Immunology, 22, 469-473. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3024.2000.00324.x
  2. Conway, D.J., Fanello, C., Lloyd, J.M., Al-Joubori, B.M.A-S. Baloch, A.H., Somanath, S.D., Roper, C., Oduola A.M.J., Mulder, B., Povoa, M.M., Singh, B. & Thomas A.W. (2000) Origin of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is traced by mitochondrial DNA. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 111, 137-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-6851(00)00313-3
  3. Cox-Singh, J., Pomrehn, A.S., Wolfe, N.D., Rahman, H.A., Lu, H.Y. & Singh, B. (2000) Sensitivity of the nested PCR assay for Brugia malayi and the significance of ‘free’ DNA in PCR-based assays. International Journal for Parasitology, 30, 1177-1179. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(00)00104-1
  4. Cox-Singh, J., Zakaria, R., Abdullah, M.S., Rahman, H.A., Nagappan, S. & Singh, B. (2000) Differences in dihydrofolate reductase but not dihydropteorate synthase alleles in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from geographically distinct areas in Malaysia. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 64, 28-31. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2001.64.1.11425158
1999
  1. Singh, B., Bobogare, A., Cox-Singh, J., Snounou, G., Abdullah M.S. & Rahman, H.A. (1999) A genus and species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction malaria detection assay for epidemiological studies. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 60, 687-692. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.687
  2. Menon, B., Abdullah, M.S., Mahamud, F. & Singh, B. (1999) Intestinal parasites in Malaysian children with cancer. Journal of Tropical Paediatrics, 45, 241-242. https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/45.4.241
  3. Vythilingam, I., Nitiavathy, K., Yi, P., Bakotee, B., Hugo, B., Singh, B., Writz, R.A. & Palmer, K. (1999) A highly sensitive, nested polymerase chain reaction based method using simple DNA extraction to detect malaria sporozoites in mosquitoes. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 30, 631-635.
  4. Cox-Singh, J., Pomrehn, A., Rahman, H.A., Zakaria, R., Miller, A.O., & Singh, B. (1999) Simple blood-spot sampling with nested polymerase chain reaction detection for epidemiology studies on Brugia malayi. International Journal for Parasitology, 29, 717-721. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(99)00015-6